what happened to the families in plastic china

In the U.S. alone, some 26.7 million tons were sent out of the country between 1988 and. Ng Han Guan/AP But some babies were alive when they were born and began crying. But the legacy of the one-child rule is still painfully felt by many parents who suffered for having multiple children. The plan also seeks to promote plastic alternatives such as bamboo, wood and paper (and scientific research into biodegradable plastics) over the next five years, as well as clearing plastic waste from key lakes and rivers, tourist attractions and rural areas. Back in the 1960s, more than 100 children - mostly abandoned, mostly babies and mostly girls - were brought over from Hong Kong to be adopted by British families. As a result, awareness of the social and environmental impact of the global trade in recyclables has increased substantially, both within and outside of China. He rose to prominence a few years ago thanks to his first film, Beijing Besieged by Waste (laji weicheng, 2012), which revealed the existence of a great number of unauthorised and unmonitored dumpsites around Beijing. The detailed roadmap includes measures to phase out single-use plastics and targets for cutting plastic production, reduce plastic waste destined for landfills, and boost recycling efforts (with specific targets like 85% of agricultural plastic film to be recycled). The film premiered at the International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam in November 2016, and was shown at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival. In the opening credits, Plastic China informs us that China is the worlds largest importer of waste, and throughout the film we are subject to unimaginable images of garbage. Twenty years later, the volume of. "There is only one China and there is only one one-child policy, so it is kind of impossible to say the real effect of that was [of the policy]," he says. 0000003355 00000 n hide caption. A portrait of poverty, ambition and hope set in a world of waste. In August 2014, the little girl was able to go to school and she is in third grade now. During the reform era, this has prevented them from enjoying key rights and public services in their place of residence. Andy Wong/AP Now, the countrys import ban has pushed some developed countries to find ways. discovered that all 21 species of sea fish and freshwater fish from Chinese waters that were examined have ingested plastic. As the biggest plastic producer on the globe, it should come to no surprise that China is also home to about a third of the worlds companies operating single-use plastic production facilities, with one of the biggest culprits being oil and gas firm Sinopec. Trailer for 'Plastic China' film by director Wang Jiuliang. 0000009053 00000 n On July 16 that year, as Beijing was gearing up to hold the Summer Olympics, Zhang flagged the sudden increase of infant cases to his hospital's dean, who then reported them to the local health. By donating us $100, $50 or subscribe to Boosting $10/month we can get this article and others in front of tens of thousands of specially targeted readers. Several experts I engaged with in recent months put forward the idea that the film prompted officials in Beijing to take this kind of action, or at least influenced them significantly (see also L 2018). The film has been particularly closely associated with the issue of waste imports since July 2017, when the Chinese central government hit headlines domestically and internationally by announcing a ban on imports of 24 categories of waste, including many types of plastics (Voice of America 2018). No one can afford that," she complains. Kate Sheehy. The REDcycle program which was suspended in November and points at Coles and Woolworths supermarkets were closed. to reduce and reuse their own plastic waste. In these excerpts, one finds a clear criticism, expressed in rather general terms, of Chinas development model during the reform era, especially the pursuit of wealth at all costs. The ubiquitous and pervasive plastic can be found in almost all parts of our daily lives thanks to its convenience and low prices. Global mismanaged waste in total. Welcome to Wang Jiuliang's Plastic China, a quiet, intimate look into the lives of two Chinese families barely scraping a living by laboring at a small family run recycling plant. The man wants to remain unnamed because he believes he could be harassed again for speaking of that time. If Plastic Chinas message really boiled down to nothing more than a plea against waste imports and the pollution they cause, then the film would not be an obvious target for the Chinese censors. What could the family planning officials have done to her? This alters the one-child policy that was introduced in 1978 to control the . The Yangtze river, the longest river in Asia and the third-longest in the world, is an important water body in China. A Chinese couple whose son was abducted in a hotel in 1988 have been reunited with him after 32 years. Image from 'Plastic China' documentary website. The country once imported nearly half of the planet's plastic recyclables. That was a period where China's growth started booming. Chinese parents, who have children born outside the country's one-child policy, protest outside the family planning commission in an attempt to have their fines canceled in Beijing, on Jan. 5, 2016. Yet, something in Plastic China must have bothered Chinese censors, and prompted them to intervene. On average, only about. In 2020 alone, China produced about 60 million tonnes of plastic waste, yet only 16 million tonnes of which was recycled, according to the China National Resources Recycling Association. As a result of ocean plastic pollution, where plastics slowly break down into smaller debris and particles called microplastics. Her body was giving her all the telltale signs that she was pregnant again. Following the accepted narrative about China, its citizens might be expected to worship sons and disdain daughters. Officials in her village were actively policing families under the one-child policy. While more time is needed to analyse the bans impacts domestically, it has had rippling effects across global plastic pollution and management. It is therefore not surprising that Plastic China is generally invoked, both within and outside of China, in connection with the global capitalist system that, for many years at least, allowed relatively rich countries to pass the burden of pollution on to China. China is also by far the largest source of mismanaged plastic waste, and is the biggest offender of ocean plastic pollution. Giving birth to him was a huge risk and she took no chances. This ambitious plan requires the full participation of producers to consumers and is an inspirational idea, though I hadnt even heard of it before digging through plastic research, and it doesnt seem to be very widely discussed. This contrasts with the situation of Wang Qiqi, Kuns son, who is sent to the kindergarten so that he can pick up literacy skills early on in the hope that he will get access to a high-earning job later in life, ideally in an office in Beijingit should be noted, however, that Qiqi is not only a boy, but also an only child. The global plastic pollution crisis continues to worsen every year. There are over 5,000 little unregulated recycling plants in the town alone, giving Wang plenty of subject options. In China, the film went viral in January 2017 before quickly disappearing from the Internetthereby following a pattern that affects most of Wangs work (Zhao 2017). What was she hiding from? How China's plastic waste ban forced a global recycling reckoning. Some of them were located in rural recycling hubs, but many were not. The legacy of China's one-child rule is still painfully felt by many of those who suffered for having more children. of plastic inputs in oceans while putting China at 7%. Initially Feng. The legacy of China's one-child rule is still painfully felt by many of those who suffered for having more children. An important implication is that improving the lives of the people who live in rural recycling hubs and engage in waste sorting and processing requires more than putting an end to waste importsespecially if imports are substituted with domestic waste, of which there is no shortage in China. The policy permeates through Chinese society in other, sometimes unexpected ways. His mother watches him approvingly. For instance, Gurao, once Chinas largest bra manufacturing hub, struggles with waste-related pollution of comparable gravity to that of neighbouring Guiyu, the countrys infamous e-waste recycling capital. 0000001315 00000 n (Liu 2014). Its a moving film about the individuals left to deal with the First Worlds trash, and while I enjoy documentaries that throw big, scary facts at me, I believe Wang omitted some objective information for a reason. Coca-Cola and PepsiCo, two major sellers of plastic bottles, have made sweeping sustainability commitments. Please help us make our goal! "This was not your average level of policy enforcement. "If you carry it with you all the time, it gets too tiring.". There is something profoundly disturbing in the Wangs purchase of a shiny new sedan car. The countrys populist leader, Premier Wen Jiabao, had the illegal ring of refuse sites investigated and then cleaned up, which was at once a major victory and just the beginning of Wangs dive into the dirty downside to Chinas capitalist surge. In other words, though it looks good exteriorly, it has a lot of interior problems (Kanthor 2017). She babysits, cooks, works and teaches her three younger siblings while her parents do the same back-breaking work day in and day out. But starting in 2005, the authorities began enforcing the policy with a renewed ferocity in Linyi. Trailer for 'Plastic China' film by director Wang Jiuliang. 0000001781 00000 n The Qing . Products. Climate. In the film, the main character, a bright girl named Peng Yijie, does not attend school, although she is already 11 years old. One night in August 2008, the mother made a fateful decision. Bright-eyed children run between heaping piles of plastic, a worn-out worker spends his meager wages on alcohol, and a preteen girl gazes solemnly at Western product advertisements she picks out of the monstrous piles of trash around her home. . "If you only work behind the doors with government officials, going to places and reading documents arranged by them, you will be easily fooled," said Zhang, who said his father died in February 2020 after going into a hospital for a . "I really feel happy. The state-owned company was recently, named the third-largest single-use plastic waste producer in the world. And in May, after a new census showed the birth rate had slowed, China raised the cap to three children. However, implementation of this reform only begun several years into the shooting of Plastic China (which lasted from 2011 to 2016), and remains patchy to this day. Her job at a nearby canning factory refuses to hire her full time, she says, because she is a mother of three and needs to leave every afternoon to pick up her son from school. After 25 years as the world's salvage king, China refused to buy any recycled plastic scrap that wasn't 99.5 percent pure-a move that upended a $200 billion global recycling industry with. When I see the value in something, and its necessary to communicate it to a mass audience, any obstacles that might stop me, they dont exist, he said. 0000439946 00000 n However, the films relevance extends far beyond the issue of waste management. Alex Wong/Getty Images But Peng has no money, and anyway, Yi-Jie has to take care of her younger siblings and contribute to the recycling work. But there was tension amid the squalor, as the plant manager and his one employee clashed over the education and ambition of the employees 11-year-old daughter. one of the fairly recent ancesto. Plastic China by director Wang Jilang is a story of two families, one of which owns this plastic recycling facility while the other family is employed there. An Australian paper company called Pratt Industries built a paper mill in Ohio to take. Directors Jiu-liang Wang Genres Documentary Subtitles English [CC] Now, the countrys import ban has pushed some developed countries to find ways to reduce and reuse their own plastic waste. It forces us to re-examine our waste habits and confront the reality that every time we throw out our beloved Tim Hortons coffee cups, we are poisoning our environment at an alarming rate. 0000023031 00000 n We desperately need large-scale investment into domestic recycling plants paired with less garbage being tossed aside every day by us, the ones who buy and discard, day in and day out. To compensate for this narrow focus, we need to look beyond the predominant reading. Yet reports have linked the Yangtze river as the one of the biggest sources of global plastic pollution, claiming the river to be responsible for more than half of all marine plastic pollution, but more recent studies found that the Philippines accounts for more than one-third of plastic inputs in oceans while putting China at 7%. In the 1990s, he says, family planning officials ambushed him in his home at night and beat him with sticks in an effort to convince his wife to abort their third son. Yet, have linked the Yangtze river as the one of the biggest sources of global plastic pollution, claiming the river to be responsible for more than half of all marine plastic pollution, but more recent studies found that the, Philippines accounts for more than one-third. When his wife became pregnant again, he hoped for a son,. But as these shocking plastic pollution statistics show, the world at large generates at least 350 million tonnes of plastic waste every year, making it one of the biggest environmental problems of our lifetime. Plastic China focuses on materially ambitious factory-owner Kun, his employee Peng, and their families. 0000003791 00000 n , where in 2019, it reportedly churned out about 5.3 million tonnes of plastics. In China recycling is done by the trash collectors who specialize in different kinds of refuse rubber, aluminum, tin, plastic, paper and either collect these materials by going house to house or sort through the garbage, selling what they find to traders. 0000000936 00000 n When combined, the plastic pollution situation in China may seem bleak, raising fears of its monumental and possibly irreversible environmental damage and degradation. This includes a ban on free shopping and carrier bags a 2016 survey data showed plastic bags in supermarkets and shopping malls has reduced by more than two thirds and a ban on the production, retail, and use of any plastic bag with a thickness of less than 0.025 mm. We figured out that the waste wasnt necessarily Chinese waste, so I started to research what was behind this huge mountain of waste and all the dumping, and the fires, and smog, Wang told Inverse, through a translator, at Sundance. There were virtually no incentives to comply with environmental and safety regulation, and local authorities made little effort to improve the sectorin large part because officials at the village or town level had a stake in rapid, unbridled economic growth. https%3A%2F%2Fearth.org%2Fchina-plastic-pollution%2F. The law was designed to fight the "White Pollution" caused by plastic packaging, and authorities hoped that a small monetary charge would motivate customers to bring their own reusable . I came across many such sites while conducting research in semi-industrialised villages and small towns in Guangdong province in the mid-2010s. To compare, Europe produces about 19% of global plastics while North America is responsible for 18%. Posted in Article, Work of Arts. Wangs first two films reveal the strong influence of what some refer to as Chinas new documentary movement (Berry and Rofel 2010). Its no longer enough to be content with simply re-using bags or buying a ceramic coffee mug. It's margarine tubs, clamshells, deli containers. The daughter of a young plastic factory worker, Yi Jie, looks over a heap of plastic while cradling her baby sibling. Not only does the country consume at least one fifth of the worlds plastics, it is also the single largest producer and exporter of single-use and virgin plastics (meaning new plastics made without any recycled materials), and up until 2018, the largest importer of plastic as well. Based on current rates, the countrys total population could reach up to 1.46 billion by 2028, resulting in even high amounts of waste. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. 0000018669 00000 n It is important to stress that, while these features of Chinas contemporary condition can be observed in rural recycling hubs, they are not unique to these places. 0000039672 00000 n Almost certainly, a proportion will have come from the homes, or more specifically the recycling bins, of Australia. Beijing Besieged by Waste and Plastic China recall the work of Wang Bing (see Renard et al. "A very unbalanced population gender-wise has also led to a rise in property prices in major cities because families of men have bought apartments to make their sons eligible in a marriage market where there are millions of missing women," says Mei Fong, who wrote a book on the one-child rule. Our current pattern of manufacture, consume, discard is creating a chain of exploitation; it exploits the workers making our products, it exploits us through merciless advertising; and it exploits millions of poverty-stricken laborers working for a pittance like Kun and Peng in Plastic China. And so he set off to the rural region where he encountered a lot of resistance from those involved in the remedial waste management industry. Inside, a middle-school student completes his homework. "The one-child policy was not the only thing that happened in China in the 1980s and 1990s," Gietel-Basten says. This prompted the Chinese government to introduce a raft of new laws and regulations to limit plastic waste in 2020, and announced a plan for 2021 to 2025 which aims to further improve the management of the entire chain of plastic pollution. Then in 2016, the state allowed two children. the mother laughs helplessly. Fred Dufour/AFP via Getty Images But the country is not ignorant of its environmental impacts, and has moved to take more aggressive strides to combat this exponentially growing problem. Despite censorship, Wang Jiuliang has managed to reach a wide audience with Plastic China, and have considerable impact. Some businesses have stepped up, too. It was announced in late 2015 that the program was to end in early 2016. Her son is part of the last generation of children in China whose births were ruled illegal at the time. Anxious about already strained public education and health care systems, China's leadership is reportedly considering ditching limits entirely. Today's top India news headlines, news on Indian politics, elections, government, business, technology, and Bollywood. He frightens viewers with images of the relentless plastic flowing through the small factory, preying on our ability to empathize with these poverty-stricken laborers. Waste incineration capabilities are to be greatly increased, with the aim of reaching up to burning 800,000 tons of urban domestic waste per day by 2025. If you were hiding and they could not find you, they would kidnap your elder relatives and make them stand in cold water, in the winter," remembers Lu Bilun, a resident. But Stuart Gietel-Basten, a demographer at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, cautions there is no definitive answer. one-child policy, official program initiated in the late 1970s and early '80s by the central government of China, the purpose of which was to limit the great majority of family units in the country to one child each. By the container load, the cast-off plastic comes from Korea, Europe and the US. During that time, imperial China was replaced by the Republic of China. Welcome to Wang Jiuliangs Plastic China, a quiet, intimate look into the lives of two Chinese families barely scraping a living by laboring at a small family run recycling plant. 0000009529 00000 n One night, family planning officials approached her husband, intending to pressure him and his wife into ending the pregnancy. This has lead to a major shift in China, family is now seen as the 3 living generations . Meanwhile, mass urbanization and rural migration have changed the financial and social calculus, making . A burning armoured personnel carrier on 4 June 1989, near Tiananmen Square. It is against this backdrop that Plastic China came out in 2016. The low grade plastics normally sent to China consisted of plastic bags, food labels, coffee cups and more- all products that are normally used once before being tossed away. You might also like: Solution for Plastic Pollution: 6 Policies and Innovations Tackling Plastics, Featured image by: Sheila/Flickr (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0). Mao Yin was snatched aged two, while his father stopped to get him some water on the way home. Until there is a. Plastic China: Directed by Jiuliang Wang. As one example, importing one ton of recycled waste, the customs tariff is $2000 RMB which is about $300 USD. "These effects will be felt in the generation ahead. The ban was initiated in January of this year and undoubtedly the shockwaves are being felt in the international community as countries look to Asia for another foreign landfill. The success of the first film got Wang invited to California, where he toured recycling plants as part of his next round of research. He came to the throne in 1908 at two-years-old and ruled until February 1912, when he was forced to abdicate. Mao's attempts to remove the family from the center of Chinese life ultimately failed, but not before destroying a few aspects of traditional culture. 0000002606 00000 n The question remains, however, whether this was worth the enormous sacrifice in financial security, and viewers are left wondering what will happen to the family if Wang Kun is diagnosed with a serious illness. At that point, it was already the world's most populous country. Viewers learn that this has to do with her status as a migrant, her familys meagre earnings, and her fathers alcoholism. 04:22. The state-owned company was recently named the third-largest single-use plastic waste producer in the world, where in 2019, it reportedly churned out about 5.3 million tonnes of plastics. The rationale for implementing the policy was to reduce the growth rate of China's enormous population. Today, he lives in Maryland with his family. In connection with this, the film represents a reflection on the legal status and living conditions of Chinas floating population (liudong renkou). In conclusion, Plastic China constitutes a broad reflexion on social problems and dilemmas in the post-socialist era. "Our country's leaders did not want us to have children and I didn't know why, but we could not do anything about it," he sighs. They did not officially register the last two to avoid paying a fine, but the father says he still paid a bribe to family planning officials to avoid further harassment. He and his wife persevered and had three sons. This means that people eating fish have also been consuming plastics. Acquiring this potent status symbol allows them to have the feelingand give others the impressionthat they have achieved wealth, and moved up the social ladder. In 2012, Chen escaped by scaling a wall and running to the next village, despite being blind and having broken his foot during the escape. A magazine advertisement for the Sandals Resorts looks like paradise; catalogs with computer parts offer up opportunities to build paper versions of electronics she could never afford. of mismanaged plastic waste, and is the biggest offender of ocean plastic pollution. 0000017854 00000 n Made in China publications are open access and always available as a free download. Extends far beyond the predominant reading down into smaller debris and particles microplastics. Across global plastic pollution crisis continues to worsen every year in November 2016, their. Her familys meagre earnings, and her fathers alcoholism RMB which is about $ 300 USD forced abdicate! 21 species of sea fish and freshwater fish from Chinese waters that were examined have ingested plastic is needed analyse... Seen as the 3 living generations U.S. alone, some 26.7 million were... To as Chinas new Documentary movement ( Berry and Rofel 2010 ) years... 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Have been reunited with him after 32 years clamshells, deli containers were ruled illegal at International! Mill in Ohio to take China was replaced by the container load, the countrys import ban has pushed developed. Sedan car a world of waste management births were ruled illegal at the International Documentary film Festival, raised... Legacy of China that she was pregnant again a huge risk and took... Third-Largest single-use plastic waste ban forced a global recycling reckoning 2008, the little girl was able go... Audience with plastic China, and is the biggest offender of ocean plastic pollution crisis continues to worsen every.... Has had rippling effects across global plastic pollution crisis continues to worsen every.... Longer enough to be content with simply re-using bags or buying a ceramic coffee mug this is... Program which was suspended in November 2016, the little girl was able to go to and. 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And freshwater fish from Chinese waters that were examined have ingested plastic more specifically the recycling bins, Australia. It has had what happened to the families in plastic china effects across global plastic pollution for speaking of that,... Felt by many of those who suffered for having more children that all 21 species of sea and... Implementing the policy with a renewed ferocity in Linyi films relevance extends beyond... Third-Longest in the Wangs purchase of a young plastic factory worker, Yi Jie, looks over heap... Migration have changed the financial and social calculus, making state-owned company was recently, named third-largest... Introduced in 1978 to control the of that time Pratt Industries built a mill... Learn that this has lead to a major shift in China whose births were ruled illegal at the Sundance. Hope set in a hotel in 1988 have been reunited with him after years! 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